Ãðàâèðîâ Â.Â., Êèñëîâ Ê.Â.
Êðèòè÷íîñòü ñåéñìîìåòðà ê âàðèàöèÿì ïàðàìåòðîâ
Íàó÷íàÿ ñòàòüÿ
Ýëåêòðîííûé íàó÷íûé æóðíàë «ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÎ Â ÐÎÑÑÈÈ» 301 http://zhumal.ape.relarn.ru/articles/2008/026.pdf
Êðèòè÷íîñòü ñåéñìîìåòðà ê âàðèàöèÿì ïàðàìåòðîâ
Ãðàâèðîâ Â.Â. (gravirov@rambler.ru ) , Êèñëîâ Ê.Â.
Ìåæäóíàðîäíûé èíñòèòóò òåîðèè ïðîãíîçà çåìëåòðÿñåíèé è ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîé
ãåîôèçèêè ÐÀÍ (ÌÍÒÏ ÐÀÍ)
Ââåäåíèå
Íàäåæíîñòü ñåéñìè÷åñêèõ ìîäåëåé, ïðåæäå âñåãî, çàâèñèò îò êà÷åñòâà ðåãèñòðèðóåìûõ äàííûõ. Íà ïðàêòèêå êà÷åñòâî ñåéñìè÷åñêèõ äàííûõ áûâàåò âåñüìà ðàçíîîáðàçíî. Ñåéñìè÷åñêóþ çàïèñü ìîæíî ïðåäñòàâèòü â îáùåì âèäå, êàê Y = HX+Q, ãäå X - ïåðåìåùåíèå ïî÷âû, Í - ïåðåäàòî÷íàÿ ôóíêöèÿ äàò÷èêà, Q -øóì.
Êàê íåòðóäíî çàìåòèòü [16], âñå òðè ñîñòàâëÿþùèå ïðàâîé ÷àñòè óðàâíåíèÿ âëèÿþò íà êà÷åñòâî çàïèñè. Ïåðåìåùåíèå ïî÷âû X âêëþ÷àåò â ñåáÿ, ïîìèìî èññëåäóåìîãî ñåéñìè÷åñêîãî ñèãíàëà, ïîìåõè, ãåíåðèðóåìûå èçìåíåíèÿìè ôèçè÷åñêèõ ïîëåé (àòìîñôåðíîå äàâëåíèå, òåìïåðàòóðà, àêóñòè÷åñêèå ïîìåõè, îñàäêè è ò.ä. [14]), àíòðîïîãåííûì âîçäåéñòâèåì [10], ðåçîíàíñíûìè ÿâëåíèÿìè [18] è òîìó ïîäîáíîå.  ïîíÿòèå øóì Q âêëþ÷àþòñÿ òàêæå ïîìåõè, ãåíåðèðóåìûå èçìåíåíèÿìè ôèçè÷åñêèõ ïîëåé, íî ïðè èõ âîçäåéñòâèè íåïîñðåäñòâåííî íà ýëåìåíòû äàò÷èêîâ è êàíàëû ñâÿçè [9], ñîáñòâåííûé øóì («äðîæàíèå ñèñòåìû») [8], ýëåêòðîìàãíèòíûå ïîìåõè, ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå íàâîäêè [2], øóì îöèôðîâêè äàííûõ [11, 19] è òàê äàëåå.
Ïåðåäàòî÷íàÿ ôóíêöèÿ ñåéñìè÷åñêîãî äàò÷èêà Í òîæå íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîé êîíñòàíòîé è ìîæåò èçìåíÿòüñÿ ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè ýëåìåíòîâ äàò÷èêà ñ ðàçáðîñîì ïàðàìåòðîâ â çîíå äîïóñêîâ íîìèíàëîâ, à òàêæå ïðè çíà÷èòåëüíîì óõîäå îò íîìèíàëüíûõ çíà÷åíèé, âûçâàííîì ñòàðåíèåì ýëåìåíòîâ è ïîä âîçäåéñòâèåì âíåøíèõ ôàêòîðîâ. Åñòåñòâåííî, â òàêîì ñëó÷àå âîçíèêàåò íåîáõîäèìîñòü â îïðåäåëåíèè àìïëèòóäíîé è ôàçîâîé õàðàêòåðèñòèê äëÿ êàæäîãî ýêçåìïëÿðà ïðèáîðà ñ ïîñëåäóþùåé êîððåêòèðîâêîé äàííûõ [3]. Íà ïðàêòèêå âñåãäà ïîëåçíî çíàòü, íàñêîëüêî èçìåíåíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ (âåëè÷èí) ýëåìåíòîâ ïðèáîðà âëèÿåò íà ïåðåäàòî÷íóþ ôóíêöèþ, òî åñòü íàñêîëüêî îíà êðèòè÷íà ê èçìåíåíèþ ïàðàìåòðîâ. Ïðè ïðîåêòèðîâàíèè ïðèáîðîâ íåîáõîäèìî ñîáëþäàòü ñëåäóþùèå óñëîâèÿ: èçìåíåíèÿ àìïëèòóäíîé è ôàçîâîé õàðàêòåðèñòèê äîëæíû áûòü â äîïóñêàåìûõ ïðåäåëàõ ïðè äîïóñòèìûõ âàðèàöèÿõ ïàðàìåòðîâ è âîçìîæíûõ êîëåáàíèÿõ âíåøíèõ âîçäåéñòâèé (òåìïåðàòóðà, âûñîòà óñòàíîâêè íàä óðîâíåì ìîðÿ è òàê äàëåå). Èìåííî ïîýòîìó ñ÷èòàåòñÿ íåîáõîäèìûì ïðîâåäåíèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ âëèÿíèÿ âàðüèðîâàíèÿ ïàðàìåòðîâ ñòðóêòóðû ñåéñìîìåòðà íà åãî èçìåðèòåëüíûå ñâîéñòâà [12].
Ðàáîòû ïîäîáíîãî ðîäà îáû÷íî ñëîæíû è òðóäîåìêè [13, 18], îäíàêî ïðèìåíåíèå ñîâðåìåííûõ âû÷èñëèòåëüíûõ ñðåäñòâ ñóùåñòâåííî óïðîùàåò ýòó çàäà÷ó [7].
Ïðîâåäåì äàëåå àíàëèç óñòîé÷èâîñòè (ïîâòîðèìîñòè ïàðàìåòðîâ) ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè øèðîêîïîëîñíîãî ñåéñìîìåòðà òèïà SK-1, ðàçðàáîòàííîãî â Ìåæäóíàðîäíîì èíñòèòóòå òåîðèè ïðîãíîçà çåìëåòðÿñåíèé è ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîé ãåîôèçèêè Ðîññèéñêîé àêàäåìèè íàóê (ÌÍÒÏ ÐÀÍ) â õîäå âûïîëíåíèÿ ðàáîò ïî ïðîåêòó Ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêîãî öåíòðà (ÌÍÒÖ) [4].
Ìåòîäû èññëåäîâàíèÿ
Ñåéñìîìåòð SK-1 âêëþ÷àåò â ñåáÿ òðè óíèôèöèðîâàííûõ ñåéñìîäàò÷èêà, â ñîñòàâ êîòîðûõ âõîäÿò ìåõàíè÷åñêèå ìàÿòíèêè, ïîäâåøåííûå íà óïðóãèõ êðåñòîîáðàçíûõ îïîðàõ, ýëåêòðîäèíàìè÷åñêèå è åìêîñòíûå ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëè, ìîòîðû äèñòàíöèîííîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ ïîëîæåíèåì ìàÿòíèêîâ, Âñå ìåõàíè÷åñêèå óçëû, à òàêæå ïëàòû ýëåêòðîíèêè çàêëþ÷åíû â ìåòàëëè÷åñêèé êîæóõ, íà âíóòðåííåé ïîâåðõíîñòè êîòîðîãî óêðåïëåí íàãðåâàòåëü àêòèâíîãî òåðìîñòàòà ñåéñìîìåòðà [4].
Ýëåêòðîííûé íàó÷íûé æóðíàë «ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÎ Â ÐÎÑÑÈÈ» 302 http://zhumal.ape.relarn.ru/articles/2008/026.pdf
 ýëåêòðîííîé ñõåìå ñåéñìîìåòðà ïðèìåíåíû öåïè îáðàòíûõ ñâÿçåé, ïî êîòîðûì îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ ïåðåäà÷à ñèãíàëîâ ïðîïîðöèîíàëüíûõ ïåðåìåùåíèÿì óñ ìàÿòíèêà, ïåðâîé
Ýòî ïðèâîäèò ôèçè÷åñêè ê îáðàçîâàíèþ
è âòîðîé ïðîèçâîäíûõ ïî âðåìåíè
dt dt
íîâûõ, íåîáõîäèìûõ äëÿ ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ çàäàííîé ôîðìû ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè
ñåéñìîìåòðà, çíà÷åíèé «ýëåêòðîííûõ» ìîìåíòà èíåðöèè Êð è ìîìåíòà óïðóãèõ
âðàùàþùèõ ñèë Ìð, ïðàêòè÷åñêè íåçàâèñèìûõ îò èõ èñõîäíûõ «ìåõàíè÷åñêèõ» çíà÷åíèé.
Ââåäåíèå â ýëåêòðîííóþ öåïü äîïîëíèòåëüíîé ïåòëè îáðàòíûõ ñâÿçåé ïðîïîðöèîíàëüíîé
ycdt ïîçâîëÿåò ñêîððåêòèðîâàòü ïåðåäàòî÷íóþ ôóíêöèþ ñåéñìîìåòðà â îáëàñòè íèçêèõ
ñåéñìè÷åñêèõ ÷àñòîò, íå íàðóøàÿ ïðè ýòîì óñòîé÷èâîñòè ñèñòåìû.
Ñëåäñòâèåì ðåàëèçàöèè äîñòàòî÷íî áîëüøîãî çíà÷åíèÿ êîýôôèöèåíòà óñèëåíèÿ ïî ðàçîìêíóòîé ïåòëå îáðàòíûõ ñâÿçåé ñèñòåìû âî âñåé ïîëîñå ÷àñòîò, Ê„ » 0, 0<f<oo,
ÿâëÿåòñÿ óâåëè÷åíèå ëèíåéíîñòè, äîëãîâðåìåííîé ñòàáèëüíîñòè è äèíàìè÷åñêîãî äèàïàçîíà èçìåðåíèé óñòîé÷èâîãî øèðîêîïîëîñíîãî ýëåêòðîííîãî ñåéñìîìåòðà [17]. Ñîñòàâèì áëîê-ñõåìó ýëåêòðîííîé ÷àñòè ñåéñìîìåòðà (ñì. ðèñ.1).
U,~Y
Ra
¥2~dY,
ü
Rw
- ñ
Ü Rp
U4~j¥,
Id
Bs
JYT\
Ðèñ 1. Áëîê-ñõåìà ñåéñìîìåòðà SK-1.
Ñåéñìîäàò÷èê (ìàÿòíèê).
Åìêîñòíîé ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëü.
Óñèëèòåëü â ïðÿìîé âåòâè.
Äèôôåðåíöèàòîð â âåòâè îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè.
Äèôôåðåíöèàòîð â öåïè îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè
Èíòåãðàòîð â öåïè îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè
7.-8. Íèçêî÷àñòîòíûå àíòèàëëÿçèíãîâûå ôèëüòðû.
Rs - Êàòóøêà ýëåêòðîäèíàìè÷åñêîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ ìàÿòíèêà ñåéñìîìåòðà.
Äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè ïîñòðîèì, èñïîëüçóÿ áëîê- ñõåìó, ñòðóêòóðíóþ ñõåìó (ãðàô) ñåéñìîìåòðà, èçîáðàæåííóþ íà ðèñóíêå 2. Íà ýòîì ðèñóíêå ïåðåäàòî÷íûå ôóíêöèè îòäåëüíûõ çâåíüåâ ãðàôà áóäóò ïðåäñòàâëÿòüñÿ ñëåäóþùèìè âûðàæåíèÿìè â îïåðàòîðíîé ôîðìå:
Ýëåêòðîííûé íàó÷íûé æóðíàë «ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÎ Â ÐÎÑÑÈÈ» 303 http://zhumal.ape.relarn.ru/articles/2008/026.pdf
t = Óñ = *ÑÐ __________
01 X ls(p2+2Dsnsp + ns2) '
ãäå X [ì] - ïåðåìåùåíèå ïî÷âû,
óñ [ì] - ëèíåéíîå îòêëîíåíèå ìàÿòíèêà (ðîòîðíîé ïëàñòèíû åìêîñòíîãî
ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ), 1ñ [ì] - èíäèêàòîðíàÿ äëèíà ìàÿòíèêà, Is [ì] - ïðèâåäåííàÿ äëèíà ìàÿòíèêà,
ns [1/ñ] - ñîáñòâåííàÿ ìåõàíè÷åñêàÿ ÷àñòîòà êîëåáàíèé ìàÿòíèêà, Ds - ïîñòîÿííàÿ çàòóõàíèÿ ìàÿòíèêà, p=jco.
Ðèñ. 2. Ñòðóêòóðíàÿ
ñõåìà (ãðàÔ)
ñåéñìîìåòðà SK-1, ãäå
X - Ïåðåìåùåíèå ïî÷âû.
Yc - Ëèíåéíîå
îòêëîíåíèå ìàÿòíèêà
(ðîòîðíîé ïëàñòèíû
åìêîñòíîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ). Uc - Ïðèðàùåíèå
íàïðÿæåíèÿ íà âûõîäå åìêîñòíîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ.
Ui - Ïðèðàùåíèå íàïðÿæåíèÿ íà âûõîäå óñèëèòåëÿ 3 â ïðÿìîé öåïè êîíòóðà.
Èã - Ïðèðàùåíèå íàïðÿæåíèÿ íà âûõîäå äèôôåðåíöèàòîðà 4 â öåïè îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè.
U3 - Ïðèðàùåíèå íàïðÿæåíèÿ íà âûõîäå äèôôåðåíöèàòîðà 5 êîíòóðà îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè.
U4 - Ïðèðàùåíèå íàïðÿæåíèÿ íà âûõîäå èíòåãðàòîðà 6 êîíòóðà îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè.
Uqut - Ïðèðàùåíèå íàïðÿæåíèÿ íà âûõîäå ñåéñìîìåòðà.
ãäå Uc [Â] - íàïðÿæåíèå íà âûõîäå åìêîñòíîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ,
ó [Â/ì] - êîýôôèöèåíò ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ ïî íàïðÿæåíèþ åìêîñòíîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ,
. è,
è,
ãäå Ui - íàïðÿæåíèå íà âûõîäå óñèëèòåëÿ Ki â ïðÿìîé öåïè óñèëåíèÿ ñ êîýôôèöèåíòîì óñèëåíèÿ Ki;
. U2 _ ð
34
Uj C0j
ãäå U2 - íàïðÿæåíèå íà âûõîäå äèôôåðåíöèàòîðà Ê2 â öåïè îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè
ãäå iy - òîê, ïðîòåêàþùèé ÷åðåç öåïü ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ R
t51= —=ò, , 2 " ""------------- ^ [ì/À],
ãäå G [Â-ñ] - ïîñòîÿííàÿ ýëåêòðîäèíàìè÷åñêîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ, Ê [êã-ì ] ìåõàíè÷åñêèé ìîìåíò èíåðöèè ìàÿòíèêà,
t = U3 = Ð2
Uj c0jC02
ãäå èç - âûõîäíîå íàïðÿæåíèå íà âòîðîãî äèôôåðåíöèàòîðà â öåïè îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè.
1
ñî 2 = ------------- ,
R2C2
iA 1
t 56 =^ = — [1/Îì],
U3 RA ãäå iA - òîê, ïðîòåêàþùèé â öåïè ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ Ra,
Ul= tsi,
iN 1
t36=Tf = ^ [1/Îì],
ãäå iN - ýëåêòðè÷åñêèé òîê, ïðîòåêàþùèé â öåïè ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ Rn .
_U±_coA
37 òò '
Ui Ð ãäå U4 - âûõîäíîå íàïðÿæåíèå èíòåãðàòîðà,.
1
ñî .
R3C3
^=^ ã = ^- [1/0í
U4 Êð ãäå ip - òîê, ïðîòåêàþùèé â öåïè ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ Rp,
t81=t51-
Âûðàæåíèå äëÿ ïîëíîé ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè, ñèñòåìû â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ åå ãðàôîì, çàïèñûâàåòñÿ òàê:
Uout toitl2t23 , .
À 1 + t12t23 (^t 34145 ^ 51 """1-35^56^61 "^ ^Çá1-71 """ l37l78l8lJ
Ïîäñòàâëÿÿ â (1) âûðàæåíèÿ äëÿ îòäåëüíûõ êîíòóðîâ tiK ãðàôà, çàïèñàííûå âûøå, ïîëó÷àåì:
ð ð 1 ñî,
—------ + —-— + — + —-
vco!Co2RA ñîÄó RN pRvy
X / A YK 1 Ñ -2 ~ ë ò \
ls ð2 +2Dsnsp + n 1 1+ . \^ñ ------------ ï
I Ks(p2+2Dsnsp + n2)
Èëè ïîñëå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèé:
è .
X
p3(l + A0) + p:
2Dsns+A0
yKjicP3
\
n2 AqCOjCO^a
S TJ
V ^N J
A0cOjCo2co3RA R^
oX1 + Ao)
_ co,R,A„
2D.n. + 2 A °
R„
U„
X ls(p3+a2p"+a:p + a yK^cG
ãäå A
Ê c0jC02Ra
R
1_ (1 + A0) ' "°
Çàïèøåì âûðàæåíèå äëÿ ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè ñåéñìîìåòðà â ñëó÷àå ðàçîìêíóòîé âåòâè îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè ñèñòåìû ñ ñèãíàëîì U4 « ycdt, t7i=0. Äëÿ ýòîãî ñëó÷àÿ ÷àñòîòíàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñåéñìîìåòðà â îïåðàòîðíîé ôîðìå óïðîùàåòñÿ è çàïèñûâàåòñÿ êàê:
À 1 + t12t23t51 (J34t45 ~"~ ^35^56 ~"~ ^36/
Ïîäñòàâèì âûðàæåíèÿ äëÿ ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè tiK îòäåëüíûõ çâåíüåâ ãðàôà:
óê^ñÐ2
ó
yKVcG
Ê C0jRv
Ê (0,(02 RAJ
Ïðè âûïîëíåíèè óñëîâèé: yKVcG
Ê c0jC02RA
yKVcG
Kc0jRv
yK ^ G
Ê R.T
À0 »1 èëè c0jC02RA «
À0 » 2Dsiis èëè C0jRv «
yK^cG
À0 » ns èëè RN «
Ê ï^
yK^cG Ê R.T
ïîëó÷èì
è
outp
X
yK^cG Ê c0jC02R^
óÊÓñÐ
yKVcG yK^cG
Ê ©jR,
Ê c0jC02RAp
2 , Ê'ã^-À
Ð +
c0jC02RA
N J
Uoutp _ Np2
(2),
X (p2+2Denep + ne2)
c0jC02RA
Q 2RARN
' CO,
'Su ^V 4 1 N
Êàê âèäíî èç (2), ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòü ýëåêòðîííîãî ñåéñìîìåòðà N, åãî ñîáñòâåííàÿ ÷àñòîòà êîëåáàíèé ïå è êîýôôèöèåíò çàòóõàíèÿ De íå çàâèñÿò îò êîýôôèöèåíòà óñèëåíèÿ yKi â ïðÿìîé öåïè ýëåêòðîííîé ñõåìû è èñõîäíûõ ìåõàíè÷åñêèõ ñîáñòâåííîé ÷àñòîòû ns è êîýôôèöèåíòà çàòóõàíèÿ Ds ìàÿòíèêà, ïîäâåðæåííûõ èçìåíåíèÿì âî âðåìåíè. Îíè îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ ôèêñèðîâàííûìè âåëè÷èíàìè ìîìåíòà èíåðöèè Ê ìàÿòíèêà, êîýôôèöèåíòà
G ýëåêòðîäèíàìè÷åñêîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ è ïàðàìåòðàìè ïàññèâíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ RC öåïåé îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè.
Ôèçè÷åñêîå îáúÿñíåíèå òðàíñôîðìàöèè ïàðàìåòðîâ ñåéñìîìåòðà ñ äàííûìè öåïÿìè îáðàòíûõ ñâÿçåé åãî ýëåêòðîííîé ñõåìû ñîñòîèò â ôîðìèðîâàíèè èìè íîâîãî
è, íàêîíåö, ýëåêòðè÷åñêîãî ìîìåíòà âîññòàíàâëèâàþùèõ
ýëåêòðîííîãî ìîìåíòà èíåðöèè Êå
êîýôôèöèåíòîì de
yKJcG Ê R.T
óÊÄñÎ Ê c0jC02RA
ìîìåíòà ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ ñèë çàòóõàíèÿ ñ
Ôàêòè÷åñêè äàííûé ýëåêòðîííûé ñåéñìîìåòð ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ñèñòåìó ñ ãëóáîêèìè îáðàòíûìè ñâÿçÿìè, êîýôôèöèåíò óñèëåíèÿ êîòîðîé ïî ðàçîìêíóòîìó êîíòóðó îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè íàìíîãî áîëüøå åäèíèöû âî âñåé ïîëîñå ÷àñòîò.
Äëÿ äàëüíåéøåãî àíàëèçà óñòîé÷èâîñòè ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè ñåéñìîìåòðà ê èçìåíåíèÿì âåëè÷èí ïàðàìåòðîâ îñíîâíûõ êîìïëåêòóþùèõ ñåéñìîìåòðà áûëî ïðîâåäåíî äîïîëíèòåëüíîå êîìïüþòåðíîå èññëåäîâàíèå [1]. Ïðè ìîäåëèðîâàíèè áûëà èñïîëüçîâàíà ýêâèâàëåíòíàÿ áàçîâàÿ ôîðìóëà ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè ñåéñìîìåòðà ñ îáðàòíûìè ñâÿçÿìè [20], êîòîðàÿ â îáùåì ñëó÷àå îïèñûâàåò ôóíêöèîíàëüíóþ ñõåìó ñåéñìîìåòðà SK-1 (ñì. ðèñ.3). Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïåðåäàòî÷íóþ ôóíêöèþ ñåéñìîìåòðà ìîæíî çàïèñàòü â îáùåì âèäå:
(jco)2-(l+j«-C-Rf)
(3)
1
•(j®)4+—— -0)3+Ñø)2 +
a-G-C
ãäå:
a - êîíñòàíòà ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ, ÿâëÿþùàÿñÿ âûõîäîì èíâåðñíîãî ôèëüòðà, [Â/ì] G - êîíñòàíòà ýëåêòðîäèíàìè÷åñêîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ, [Í/À], Ñ - êîíäåíñàòîð îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè, [ìêÔ], Rf - ñîïðîòèâëåíèå êàòóøêè ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ, [Îì],
Rp - ïðîïîðöèîíàëüíûé ðåçèñòîð îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè ïî ïîñòîÿííîìó òîêó, [Îì], R; - ðåçèñòîð èíòåãðàòîðà îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè, [Îì], Ò; - ïîñòîÿííàÿ âðåìåíè èíòåãðàòîðà, [ñ], Ì - ìàññà ìàÿòíèêà, [êã].
Äàò÷èê ñìåùåíèé
ì ò0 a
Êàòóøêà
Îáðàòíîé
ñâÿçè
Rf G
1
R,
Âûõîäíîé
ñèãíàë ñåéñìîìåòðà
èíòåãðàòîð
î -
Ri
- ëëëã -
Ðèñ. 3.Áàçîâàÿ ôóíêöèîíàëüíàÿ ñõåìà ñåéñìîìåòðà ñ êàòóøêîé îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè
Ýëåêòðîííûé íàó÷íûé æóðíàë «ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÎ Â ÐÎÑÑÈÈ» 307 http://zhumal.ape.relarn.ru/articles/2008/026.pdf
Îñíîâíûå ôèçè÷åñêèå ïàðàìåòðû ìàÿòíèêà ñåéñìîìåòðà áûëè âçÿòû èç òåêñòà ôèíàëüíîãî òåõíè÷åñêîãî îò÷åòà ïî ïðîåêòó ÌÍÒÖ [4]: ìàññà ìàÿòíèêà ðàâíà Ì = 0.46 êã, ýëåêòðîìàãíèòíàÿ êîíñòàíòà ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ - G = 320 Í/À, ñîïðîòèâëåíèå êàòóøêè ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ - Rf = 2250 Îì, ìåõàíè÷åñêèé ïåðèîä ñâîáîäíûõ êîëåáàíèé ìàÿòíèêà Ò0 = 5 ñåê è êîíñòàíòà êàæóùåãîñÿ ýëåêòðîìàãíèòíîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ ðàâíà - S = 2500 Â-ñ/ì.
Äàëåå ðàññ÷èòàåì çíà÷åíèÿ êîìïîíåíòîâ âõîäÿùèõ â ôîðìóëó (3) è ó÷àñòâóþùèõ â ôîðìèðîâàíèè õàðàêòåðèñòèêè. Ðàññ÷èòàåì çíà÷åíèå êîíäåíñàòîðà îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè:
G - y 2 320 -250 ó2
Åñëè ïðèíÿòü ÷àñòîòó êàæóùåãîñÿ ãàëüâàíîìåòðà ðàâíîé fh = 5 Ãö, ìîæíî íàéòè
çíà÷åíèå êîíñòàíòû ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ: -------- = 2ê ¦ fh = 2ê ¦ 5 [Ãö], ñëåäîâàòåëüíî
a = 2.- ft - M = 2.-5-0.5 ,1()4
GC 320-1.15-Þ"6
Íà áîëüøèõ ïåðèîäàõ, ñåéñìîìåòð õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ ïîñòîÿííîé ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòüþ ê óñêîðåíèÿì «8000 Â-ñ /ì, îòêóäà âû÷èñëèì âåëè÷èíó ðåçèñòîðà îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè, îïðåäåëÿþùåãî ñìåùåíèå ñåéñìîìåòðà
Mi = 8000 [Â-ñ2/ì]
R= 8000^8000.320^
Ì 0.46
Âûáåðåì áëèæàéøåå çíà÷åíèå íîìèíàëà ðåçèñòîðà èç ñòàíäàðòíîãî íàáîðà
âîçìîæíûõ çíà÷åíèé Rj =5.6-10 [Îì].
Âåëè÷èíà äåìïôèðîâàíèÿ äîëæíà áûòü ìåíüøå êðèòè÷åñêîé
Jt-R, -ñ
h9 = ^------ '--- = 0.707,
2-Rp-C
îòêóäà íàéäåì âåëè÷èíó ïðîïîðöèîíàëüíîãî ðåçèñòîðà îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè ïî ïîñòîÿííîìó òîêó
ë/ò-Ri-C 1 |t-R, 1 I19-5.6-106 „„ , ,ãë ï
RD =^---------- =-------- J------ L = ----------- J----------- — «3.52-107 [Îì].
ð 2-h2-C 2-h2 V Ñ 2-0.707 V 1.15-10 6
Ñîáñòâåííàÿ ÷àñòîòà êàæóùåãîñÿ ãàëüâàíîìåòðà áóäåò ðàâíà
ò2 =Rf -Ñ = 2.25-103 -1.15• 10 6 = 2.58-10 3 [ñ].
' ¦¦^¦]=Æ1^"Ø1'^
G-C V 320-1.15-10-6
ñî2 110,19
ñëåäîâàòåëüíî 19 = -^- =----------- « 17.53 [Ãö].
2 2òã 2-3.1415
Äëÿ àíàëèçà óñòîé÷èâîñòè ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè ðàçðàáîòàííûõ äàò÷èêîâ áûëà
ñîñòàâëåíà ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííàÿ ïðîãðàììà [6], àâòîðîì êîòîðîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàó÷íûé
ñîòðóäíèê Ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî èíñòèòóòà òåîðèè ïðîãíîçà çåìëåòðÿñåíèé è ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîé
ãåîôèçèêè ÐÀÍ Â.Â.Ãðàâèðîâ. Ãðàôèêè, ïîëó÷åííûå ñ ïîìîùüþ äàííîé ïðîãðàììû,
ïîêàçàíû íà ðèñóíêàõ 4à-4æ.
þ 4
Velocity Responce of Broadband Sensor
------ -I------------- LUX----------- I— -I- -I- I— -I—I M---------- 1 _ I- I- -I- -I- I------------ -I------------- LUX-------- p p p p J4 p--------------------- p p p p |----------------- ó ---------- LUP
T ÃÏÒ ÃÒÒÃÏÃ I ~ Ã Ã T T I T ÃÏÒ ÃÒÒÃÏÃ ÃÃÒÒ Ã ÃÏÒ
____ 1________ Ã1_Ã_Ã____ LllLLIti_____________ LLL11_____________ 1________ L LL _L_____ LllLLIti_______________ LLllI______________ L______ LUX
____ 1________ LUX_______ UXXULIX________ 1 _ l_ l_ X J_ 1_______ X________ LUX_____ UXXULIX___________ UUX1I____________ L______ LUX
ò "
i jrf-iH i i 11 i TT ' 'I *4^^
------ +------------- LUX----------- l~f + !~HI4--------------------- 1 - 4 4 + + 1-------------- +------------- LUX-------- P + -Ð*× Hl4------------------------ 4 4 + + 1---------------- r----------- LUX
^ þ 2
____ X________ LUX_______ iVx XUJJX_________ 1 _ Ñ Ñ I + 1_________ X________ LUX_____ UXX L-TiLL______________ UUX1I____________ L______ LUX
------ +------------- LUX----------- / + + 4 4 1+------------------ 1-ÃÃ + -Ã-1-------------- +------------- Ø1------------ 4 + + 4 hX----------------------- 4 4 + + 1---------------- h---------- LUX
T Ã Ï T ~ ~j\~ ÒÒÃÏÃ 1 ~ Ã Ã T T 1 T ÃÏÒ ÃÒÒÃÏ ã\ ÃÃÒÒ1 Ã ÃÏÒ
------ T------------- ÃÏÒ~Ã ÃÒÒÃÏÃ------------ ÃÃÃÒÏ-------------- Ò------------- ÃÏÒ-------- ÃÒÒÃÏÃ ^^ -ÃÃÒÃ1------------------------------ ã---------- ÃÏÒ
------ 4------------- L 4 4 -/- 1- Ð Ð Ð Ï Ð------------------------ I-PP4-4-I-------- 4------------- L 4 Ð----------- Ð Ð Ð Ð Ï Ð - -S^ PPX4-I----------------------------- Ó ---------- L 4 Ð
1 II 1 / 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II \ 1 1 1 1 1 1111
------ +------------- t Í 1 A -1-llr-HH---------------------------- 1-Ãà + -Ã-1-------------- +------------- ãÍ-ã--------- hllr-HH-------------------------- \ 4 + + 1----------------- Ã---------- t Í 1
1 Mil/ 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II |\ 1 1 1 1 1111
1 III/ 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 l\l II 1 1111
------ I-------------- Ó uA----------- Ñ I I Ñ U Ð------------------- -UU-IJ--------------- I-------------- LUX-------- U-L-LUJ4U---------------- ÑÑ Vp 1---------------- Ó ---------- LUX
"3
CL
------ I-------------- L PF X--------- UXXCJ-IX----------- I-UU-LJ-I----------- I-------------- LUX-------- Ñ I I Ñ U Ð----------------------- ÑÑ l\ 1------------------ Ó ---------- LUX
— ò---------------- ã/ò — ãòòãïã —ãããòã — ò---------------------------------------------------- ãïò — ãòòãïã---------------------------- ããò ò\ã ~ ò---------------------------- ÃÏÒ
-^
1 _|/| 1 1 1 1 1 11II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111 1 1 1 1 11II 1 1 1 1 |\| 1111
Î
____ X______ JU X_________ LXXLJJX_______ LLL11___________ X________ LUX______ CXXUJJX____________ LL11 L\-L_______________ L u -1
/ iii i i \.
ø 1
/ i i i i i V
------ -UC _4|44------------------ 1— —1- —1- 1— -1—1 1—P--------- l-PPXPI------------ X------------- LUX-------- p p p p J4 p--------------------- p p p p |----------------- ó ---------- ó \p
1ϰ
____ JJ_______ LUX_______ LXXUJJX________ LLL11I____________ X________ LUX_____ CXXUJJX__________ LLllI______________ L______ L uV
------ /-------------- XI-------------- 1- X X 4 4 X------------------ 1-Û- + + 1— +------------------------- XI-------------- 4 X X 4 4 X----------------------- hhll---------------------- V ---------- LUX
----- fX ------------- ÃÏÒ----------- ÃÒÒÃÏÃ------------ 1 - Ã Ã T T 1-------------- T------------- ÃÏÒ-------- ÃÒÒÃÏÃ---------------- ÃÃÒÒ1------------------ ã---------- ÃÏÒ
-Yt----------------- LUX----------- ÃÒÒÃÏ1Ò------------ l-CCTll------------ T------------- LUX-------- CTTCtlX------------------ CCT1I------------------ L---------- LUX
- A P--------------- LUX----------- p p p p J4 p----------------- l-ppppi------------ p------------- LUP-------- pppppp------------------- ppppi-------------- ó ---------- LUP
/ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
/ - +---------------- LUX----------- 1- X X 4 4 X------------------ 1-Û- + + 1--------------- +------------- LUX-------- 4 X X 4 4 X----------------------- 4 4 X + 1---------------- h---------- LH4
' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 ........................................................ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ............................................................ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
10
10
10
10 10
Frequency, [Hz]
10
10
10
Ðèñ. 4a. Ñêîðîñòíàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà øèðîêîïîëîñíîãî äàò÷èêà SK-1.
4
Velocity Responce of Broadband Sensor with taking in account Capacitor change
--------- Ã------- ÃÒÒ1---------------- 1------ ÃÒÒ1----------------- 1------ 1------ ÃÏ1------------- Ã 1-------- 1Ï IT------------- Ã 1-------- 1ÏÒ-------------- rrnrn-------------------- ÒÒÃÃÃ
--------- L------- l-PPI----------------- 1------ |_pp]----------------- 1------ |------- UJ---------------- p|--------- |Ö |p-------------- p|--------- 1 J4 p------------ ppppp------------------ ppppj-
--------- ã------- I--T- + I-------------- 1------ ÃÕÕ1----------------- 1------ 1------ Ø----------------- Ã1-------- 1 41+------------- hi--------- ØÕ--------------- 4 4 4 4 H--------------------- + + 4 4 1
--------- L------- I--L- + I-------------- 1------ ÃÕÕ1----------------- 1------ 1------ Ø----------------- Ã1-------- 1 4 1+------------ hi--------- ØÕ--------------- 4 4 4 4 4--------------------- + + 4 4 1
______ L____ l_ 1 1 1_________ 1____ LIU____________ 1____ LIU_______________ LLJLII1_______________ LLJJJ1____________ 1 1 J 1 LI______________ llLtl
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
______ L____ Lll_____________ 1____ l_ 1 1 )__________ 1____ 1____ UJ__________ Ñ 1_____ IUI1__________ LI______ Ø1__________ 11U1U_______________ 11CU1
ç
1 1 1 1 1 1 jJ^'TT............................................................. 1 IIì ' """ÃÃÃÃÒ..................................... +—*V. 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1
--------- ã —i- + + i— -xp1 -i-xxi------------------------------------- 1 — i—m------------------------ l-i—ihi+ — -üÒ>5^÷------------------------------------- 4 4 4 4 4--------------------- + + 4 4 f
à 1~ Ò Ò 1 # Ã Ò Ò 1 1 ÃÒ11 ÃÏÏ1Ò ÃÑÏ ããã× ÃÒ1ÃÏ ÒÒÃÃÃ
1 1 1 1 1 Jfi 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111 1 1 1 11 1 '-^ 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1
2
1 1 1 1 1 /1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111 1 1 1 11 1 "V 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1
--------- ã —|-òò \-$- -1 —ãòõ!---------------------------------------- 1 — 1—1- —1- -1-------------- I- 1—iiTiT------------------ ì—øõ —\è- -1— —1 -1— 1—ã--------------------------- Ò Ò Ñ t Ã
1 1 1 1 \ ? 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111 1 1 111 1 ^sl i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1
à ÃÒò| 1 ÃÒÒ1 1 1 ÃÏ1 à 1 f ÃÒ IT" à 1 ÏÒ "fV" ÏÒÏ ÒÒÃÃà 1 1 1 1f 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ?Û 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 Jf 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 \ 1 II 1 1 1 1 1
--------- ã------- 1-+/|----------------- 1------ I-XXI------------------ 1------ 1------ LUH------------ 1- 1------- 1 È-14----------- Û--------- ^ÃÍÕ------------- +- +- PV Í------------------- + + L--b4
--------- L------- 1 - + ?+ 1------------ 1------ I-XXI------------------ 1------ 1------ LUH------------ 1- 1------- 1 È-14----------- û—ØÕ---------------------- f f ÷ +-\í---------------------- + + 1- -Ü f
1 1 f 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 è ì i; i i i i i
--------- L------- 1-Õ 11--------------- 1------ I-XXI------------------ 1------ 1------ LPJ------------ Ñ 1------- 1 1411----------- PI--------- 1144------------- J-J-4J- UlV----------------- 1 1 Ñ P 1
--------- L------- 1 -Vl 11-------------- 1------ UXXI----------------- 1------ 1------ LPJ------------ Ñ 1------- 1Ñ 11------------ PI--------- 1141 ÐÐ-1ÐÖ _'-- _ P P Ñ P 1
1 \ £ II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 \^ 1 1 1 1 1
1 f II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 '',11111 1 / II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 '-Jill
1
1 /l II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l\l 1 1 1 1 f 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 \j 1 1 1 / 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II \l 1
+50% Ñ
+30% Ñ
+15% Ñ
¦ Nominal
-15% Ñ
-30% Ñ
Ðèñ. 46. Èçìåíåíèå ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè ñåéñìîìåòðà ïðè âàðèàöèÿõ âåëè÷èíû êîíäåíñàòîðà îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè.
¦¨1 ¦s"
10 10
Frequency, [Hz]
Ðèñ. 4â. Èçìåíåíèå ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè ñåéñìîìåòðà ïðè âàðèàöèÿõ âåëè÷èíû ïðîïîðöèîíàëüíîãî ðåçèñòîðà îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè.
i ç
Velocity Responce of Broadband Sensor with taking in account R. change
::i:::rrt:i ziziz znbzizzdzizlzzizzzznlzzizzzLnlzzzzzzLidlzziziziLdi±
-------- L---------- -Li------------- h-l-MHtil-------- h--------- 1 Ll------------ h--------- ML ti------- +------------ IHLI----------- h--------- IHLt-------- J- H-------- 1 H tt
1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1
4 LL _L 1 IJLJJL _L LLIL _L ULL 1 JLL _L LLU LI4ULL II 1 1 1 1 1 1
II 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1
II 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 I-—a-*................ II ............. 1
____ L_____ LJ_______ L _ I^^TLJ 1______ L_____ ILU______ L_____ ILL _^T_SU LL___________ L_____ ILU_____ L _l _ 4 U LL
IZZZZZZZZZ Õ ~ Æ - IZZZILZZZZZZIZZZZZZZZDZZZZZ 4'?: DZZZZZZLUZZZZIZZDEZ
-------- r----------- r i----------- Jr l_n rr11------------------------ r---------- ' rM------------- r---------- ' r ï — T------------------ ' r'p~ ----------- r ' r n — r_l —rnrr
4 L L - Æ IILLLILL LLIL _L ULL 1 ULL'-.-L LLU LIUULL U L L J§L 1 1L L Ll L _L LLIL _L ULL 1 JLU ''•,! LLU LIUULL 1 1 1 / Ø 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 V 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ø 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 V 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1
____ L_____ J_ JJrtf_ J____ l_l_l L. U 1____ L_____ IHIJ______ L_____ ILL____ _L______ ILL______ L _V^ ULU_____ J_ _l___ L U LL
1 1 /r 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 \ 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1
i i jm i i i i i 111 i i i i i i i i 11 i i i 11 i Vim ii i i i 11 1 j/pi 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 11 1 '"-.II II 1 1 1 11
Z 7M 1 ZIIZZZIZZ ZZIZ Z ZZD Z ZLD Z Z Ø Z 1 IDI
-------- r — ~Jmv '--------------- ã -1 -14 r n i------------ ã---------- 1 "HI i-------------- ã---------- irn — ò------------------ inn-------------- ã IH hV— ò -i —Ã HI rr
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_ ÓØ ______ LLI______ L-LULLI_________ L_____ 1 -Ll J______ L_____ ILL____ X ______ ILL_______ L_____ ILU_____ L_l_____ IUL
/ Ø ± L L\ LIIJHJJLL JLIL J_ ULL _L ULL _L ULU LIUULL M&\ III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1
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F_U_______ LLI______ L-I-ULLI_____ L_____ 1 -Ll J______ L_____ ILL____ X ______ ILL_______ L_____ ILU_____ L_l_____ LULL
.; \ III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1
' 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1
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Frequency, [Hz]
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R i
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R i
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R i
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R i
Ðèñ. 4ã. Èçìåíåíèå ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè ñåéñìîìåòðà ïðè âàðèàöèÿõ âåëè÷èíû ðåçèñòîðà èíòåãðàòîðà îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè.
Ýëåêòðîííûé íàó÷íûé æóðíàë «ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÎ Â ÐÎÑÑÈÈ» 310 http://zhurnal.ape.relarn.ru/articles/2008/026.pdf
Î
þ 4
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i i i è i i 111 i ill i i i è i i i i i i i i i i i
þ 3
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--------- ã----------- -ã- -HI----------- 1------ I- + -HI--------------- ã----------- -Ã--Ã-1---------- 1------------- h 111--------- 1------ M 1 1 1-------------- 1------ 1----- 1 1 -1--------- 1-HH-rH-
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______ L_______ J_J_II_______ l_ ^f_ _LJ_II___________ L_______ J__L1_______ 1_________ LJ.IL Ej^&gSJZ 1__________________ 1____ 1___ I _L J______ l_LL_L_L_L
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Nominal '¦'-15% a '¦' -30% a
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Frequency, [Hz]
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Ðèñ. 4ä. Èçìåíåíèå ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè ñåéñìîìåòðà ïðè âàðèàöèÿõ âåëè÷èíû êîíñòàíòû ïåðåìåùåíèé ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ.
10 p^
Velocity Responce of Broadband Sensor with taking in account M change
10 10
Frequency, [Hz]
Ðèñ. 4e. Èçìåíåíèå ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè ñåéñìîìåòðà ïðè âàðèàöèÿõ âåëè÷èíû ìàññû ìàÿòíèêà.
Ýëåêòðîííûé íàó÷íûé æóðíàë «ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÎ Â ÐÎÑÑÈÈ» 311 http://zhurnal.ape.relarn.ru/articles/2008/026.pdf
Velocity Responce of Broadband Sensor with taking in account parameters change
+ 15% All Parameters
Nominal
-15% All Parameters
Top Limit
Low Limit
10"4 10"3 10"2 10"1 10° 101 102 103
Frequency, [Hz]
Ðèñ. 4æ. Íàèõóäøèé ñëó÷àé. Èçìåíåíèå ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè ñåéñìîìåòðà ïðè óõîäå âñåõ ïàðàìåòðîâ ñåéñìîìåòðà íà ± 15%. Äîïóñê ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè +/- 20% îáîçíà÷åí êðàñíûìè ëèíèÿìè.
Âûâîäû
 ðåçóëüòàòå àíàëèçà ïðèâåäåííûõ ãðàôèêîâ ìîæíî óòâåðæäàòü, ÷òî ðàçðàáîòàííûé ñåéñìîìåòð îáëàäàåò óñòîé÷èâîé ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèåé â ðàáî÷åé îáëàñòè ñêîðîñòåé [20]. Õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ïðèáîðà ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå çàâèñÿò îò ñîáñòâåííîãî ïåðèîäà ìàÿòíèêà è ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ êàòóøêè ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ.
Âîçìîæíûå èçìåíåíèÿ ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè ñòàíäàðòíûõ êîìïîíåíòîâ ñ 15% òî÷íîñòüþ íå ïðåâûøàþò ìàêñèìàëüíî äîïóñòèìîãî èçìåíåíèÿ ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè ïðèíÿòîãî íà óðîâíå ±20% (ñì. ðèñ.4æ). Èç ýòîãî ñëåäóåò, ÷òî â ñåéñìîìåòðå òèïà SK-1 âîçìîæíî â ïðèíöèïå èñïîëüçîâàíèå êîìïëåêòóþùèõ ñ ðàçáðîñîì ïàðàìåòðîâ (íîìèíàëîâ) âïëîòü äî 15%, ÷òî ÿâëÿåòñÿ õîðîøèì ðåçóëüòàòîì äëÿ òàêîãî òèïà ïðèáîðîâ. Âëèÿíèå ìåñòà óñòàíîâêè è ñðåäíåé òåìïåðàòóðû â ìåñòå ýêñïëóàòàöèè ñåéñìîìåòðà áóäåò ñêàçûâàòüñÿ íà ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè ïðèáîðà êðàéíå íåçíà÷èòåëüíî.
Îäíàêî ñëåäóåò îñîáî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ïîëó÷åííûå çäåñü ðåçóëüòàòû íàïðÿìóþ çàâèñÿò îò âûáðàííîé ñõåìû ïðèáîðà, è âî ìíîãèõ êîíñòðóêöèÿõ äîñòè÷ü ïîäîáíîé óñòîé÷èâîñòè ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè áóäåò âåñüìà íå ïðîñòî [12, 13, 20].  ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì, ñëåäóåò åùå ðàç ïîä÷åðêíóòü, ÷òî ïðè ñîçäàíèè êàæäîé íîâîé êîíñòðóêöèè ñåéñìîìåòðà íåîáõîäèìî ïðîâîäèòü àíàëèç êðèòè÷íîñòè ïåðåäàòî÷íîé ôóíêöèè ê âàðèàöèÿì ïàðàìåòðîâ.
Ëèòåðàòóðà
Àíóôðèåâ È.Å., Ñìèðíîâ À.Á., Ñìèðíîâà Å.Í. MATLAB 7. ÑÏá.: ÁÕÂ-Ïåòåðáóðã. 2005. Ñ. 1104.
Ãîëüäøòåéí Â.Ë., Òóðëîâ Ï.À., ßìïîëüñêèé A.M. Ýêñïëóàòàöèÿ öèôðîâûõ ñåéñìîðàçâåäî÷íûõ ñòàíöèé «Ïðîãðåññ». Ì.: Íåäðà. 1986. Ñ. 144.
Ýëåêòðîííûé íàó÷íûé æóðíàë «ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÎ Â ÐÎÑÑÈÈ» 312 http://zhumal.ape.relarn.ru/articles/2008/026.pdf
3. Ãðàâèðîâ Â.Â., Êèñëîâ Ê.Â. Ëåãêèé ñåéñìîìåòðè÷åñêèé ñòåíä äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ À×Õ
âåðòèêàëüíûõ ñåéñìîäàò÷èêîâ. // Àêòèâíûé ãåîôèçè÷åñêèé ìîíèòîðèíã ëèòîñôåðû
Çåìëè. Ìàòåðèàëû 2-ãî Ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñèìïîçèóìà 12 - 16 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2005 ã.
Àêàäåìãîðîäîê, Íîâîñèáèðñê. Íîâîñèáèðñê: Èçä-âî ÑÎ ÐÀÍ. 2005. Ñ.446-449.
Ãðàâèðîâ Â.Â., Êèñëîâ Ê.Â., Êîëåñíèêîâ Þ.À., Ñåðåãèí Â.Í Èñïîëüçîâàíèå íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîãî ïîòåíöèàëà â îáëàñòè àâèàöèîííûõ ñèñòåì â ïðîáëåìå ìîíèòîðèíãà ñåéñìè÷íîñòè: ñîçäàíèå ïîäñïóòíèêîâîé ìàëîàïåðòóðíîé ãðóïïû ñåéñìè÷åñêèõ ñòàíöèé äëÿ îïåðàòèâíîãî ìîíèòîðèíãà ðåãèîíàëüíîé ñåéñìè÷íîñòè ñ öåëüþ ïðîãíîçà çåìëåòðÿñåíèé. // Èòîãîâûé òåõíè÷åñêèé îò÷åò ïî ïðîåêòó ¹1539. Ì.:ÌÍÒÖ. 2003. Ñ. 210.
Ãóùèí Â.Â., ×åðíîâ Â.Â. Îñîáåííîñòè óñòàíîâî÷íîãî ðåçîíàíñà ñåéñìè÷åñêèõ ïðèáîðîâ. // Ìàòåðèàëû Ïÿòîé íàó÷íîé êîíôåðåíöèè ïî ðàäèîôèçèêå, ïîñâÿùåííîé 100-ëåòèþ ñî äíÿ ðîæäåíèÿ À.À. Àíäðîíîâà. 7 ìàÿ 2001 ã. Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä. Í.Íîâãîðîä. 2001. Ñ. 252-253.
Äüÿêîíîâ Â.Ï. MATLAB 6.5 SP1/7 + Simulink 5/6R â ìàòåìàòèêå è ìîäåëèðîâàíèè. // Ñåðèÿ «Áèáëèîòåêà ïðîôåññèîíàëà». Ì.: ÑÎËÎÍ-Ïðåññ. 2005. Ñ. 576.
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Êîëåñíèêîâ Þ.À., Ìàöèåâñêèé Ñ.À. Øóìû âåðòèêàëüíûõ äëèííîïåðèîäíûõ ñåéñìîìåòðîâ è ìåòîäû èõ óñòðàíåíèÿ. // Òåîðèÿ è àíàëèç ñåéñìîëîãè÷åñêèõ íàáëþäåíèé//Âû÷èñëèòåëüíàÿ ñåéñìîëîãèÿ: Âûï. 12. Ì.: Íàóêà. 1979. Ñ.125-144.
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Ðûæîâ À.Â. Ñïîñîáû óìåíüøåíèÿ çàâèñèìîñòè ïàðàìåòðîâ ýëåêòðîäèíàìè÷åñêèõ ñåéñìîïðèåìíèêîâ îò òåìïåðàòóðû. //  êí. «Ïðèêëàäíàÿ ãåîôèçèêà». Âûï. 129. Ì.: «Íåäðà». 1995.Ñ.64-69.
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Holcomb L.G., Hutt C.R. Test and Evaluation of the GURAPL Systems CMG - 3S Broadband Borehole Deployable Seismometer System. // Open-File Report 91-282 Albuquerque. New Mexico. 1991. P.25.
Kolesnikov Yu.A., Kislov K.V., Paquet P., Snissaert M. Development of new very broadband seismometer type KSP // Proc. Of Fall AGU Meeting. San Francisco. USA. 1997. P. 15.
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18. Ruscak S., Singer L. Using Histogram Techniques to Measure A/D Converter Noise. //
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19. Standard for Seismometer Testing // A Progress Report. USGS Albuquerque
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20. Wi eland E., Stein J.M. A digital very-broad-band seismograph // Ann. Geophys. Ser. B.
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